Every nation in the world has developed its institutions and way of life, based on its cultural traditions, its systems of values, and its historic circumstances. These institutions and value systems cannot be transplanted in other countries whose history, culture and circumstances are different. The management pattern in the United States is of one kind and that in Japan is of another kind. In America, the management pattern is built up on the basis of a competitive and profit-oriented system. The relations between the management and workers are based on ‘hiring and firing’. Money and profits are more important than human values. By copying the American management model in India, we are having difficulties and are not reaping the benefits we expected.

In Japan, the management pattern is different. The workers have a high sense of discipline and even when they have grievance. They do not resort to strikes, which affect production. The relation between management and workers is generally cordial and harmonious. It is this quality that has helped Japan to advance industrially and economically. (M, p. 59)